Handling of Equipment, Aseptic Techniques, Aliquoting of Media

• Properly handle laboratory equipment to prevent contamination and ensure accurate results.
• Maintain aseptic techniques to minimize the risk of contamination during procedures.
• Follow precise procedures for aliquoting media to ensure consistency in experiments.

Maintenance of Laboratory Equipment

Standard Procedures for Sample Accession and Examination:

Planned Chemical changes and Quality Assurance

Laboratory Quality Management System

• Establish a laboratory quality management system to ensure the highest standards of accuracy and precision.
• Regularly audit and review processes to identify areas for improvement.

Physical Risks of Chemicals and Safety Measures

• Be aware of the physical risks associated with chemicals, including risks of fire and explosion.
• Follow stringent safety protocols when handling hazardous chemicals, including proper storage, handling, and disposal procedures.

Safety Aspects in the Histopathology Laboratory

Bacterial histopathology involves the examination of bacterial pathogens within host tissues to understand the nature of infections, disease progression, and host responses. Staining techniques play a crucial role in highlighting bacterial structures and their interactions with host tissues.

BACTERIAL-HISTOPATHOLOGY

Course Module

Principles:

Sample Collection and Processing: Obtaining to the bacterial samples is crucial for accurate histopathological analysis. Samples should be collected aseptically, fixed immediately, and preserved properly to prevent other bacterial degradation. Histological Sections: Samples are typically sectioned into thin slices, often using a microtome, to create slides suitable for microscopy. Bacterial Isolation: Isolation of bacteria from different pathology sources. Staining: Staining techniques are used to enhance the contrast between bacterial cells and host tissues, making it easier to visualize and identify pathogens.

Staining Techniques:

1. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) Staining: H&E staining is a basic technique used in histopathology to stain cell nuclei (hematoxylin) and cytoplasm (eosin). 2. Gram Staining: Gram staining is one of the most widely used techniques to differentiate bacteria into two main groups: Gram-positive and Gram-negative. 3. Ziehl-Neelsen Staining: This technique is used specifically for acid-fast bacteria like Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These bacteria resist decolorization with acid alcohol after staining with carbolfuchsin and appear bright red against a blue background. 4. Silver Staining: Silver staining techniques, such as Warthin-Starry and Steiner stains, are used to visualize spirochetes and some other microorganisms. 5. Special Stains: Various special stains may be employed depending on the bacterial pathogen and the specific bacterial being examined. 6. Toluidine Blue Staining: This stain is used to visualize bacterial capsules, which can be an important virulence factor for some pathogens. 7. Oil Red O Stain: Used to visualize lipid-containing bacteria, such as Mycobacterium leprae, which causes leprosy.

Tissue Fixation Preserve tissue immediately after collection. Common fixative: Formalin. Ensures tissue structure preservation and prevents degradation. Tissue remains in the fixative for a specific duration. Tissue Processing Follows fixation to prepare tissue for paraffin embedding. Dehydration: Remove water with increasing alcohol concentrations. Clearing: Treat with clearing agents like xylene to remove alcohol. Tissue Embedding Infiltrate dehydrated and cleared tissue with liquid paraffin. Embed in a paraffin block. Allow the block to solidify, preserving tissue for sectioning. Sectioning Use a microtome to cut thin sections (typically 4-5 micrometers thick). Sections are floated on a warm water bath and mounted on glass slides. Staining Apply staining protocols to enhance visualization of specific tissue components. H&E staining is common for tissue morphology and cell structures. Special stains like PAS or Masson's trichrome highlight specific components. Dehydration and Clearing (Optional) In some cases, sections may undergo reverse dehydration and clearing post-staining. Mounting Permanently mount stained and dehydrated sections on glass slides. Use a mounting medium and cover slips. Microscopic Examination Examine prepared slides under a microscope to analyze tissue structures, detect abnormalities, and make diagnoses. This concise breakdown effectively captures the histological process.

Course Module

TISSUE-HISTOPATHOLOGY

Tissue Fixation

• Preserve tissue immediately after collection.
• Common fixative: Formalin.
• Ensures tissue structure preservation and prevents degradation.
• Tissue remains in the fixative for a specific duration.

Tissue Processing

• Follows fixation to prepare tissue for paraffin embedding.
• Dehydration: Remove water with increasing alcohol concentrations.
• Clearing: Treat with clearing agents like xylene to remove alcohol.

Tissue Embedding

• Infiltrate dehydrated and cleared tissue with liquid paraffin.
• Embed in a paraffin block.
• Allow the block to solidify, preserving tissue for sectioning.

Sectioning

• Use a microtome to cut thin sections (typically 4-5 micrometers thick).
• Sections are floated on a warm water bath and mounted on glass slides.

Staining

• Apply staining protocols to enhance visualization of specific tissue components.
• H&E staining is common for tissue morphology and cell structures.
• Special stains like PAS or Masson's trichrome highlight specific components.

Dehydration and Clearing

• In some cases, sections may undergo reverse dehydration and clearing post-staining.

Mounting

• Permanently mount stained and dehydrated sections on glass slides.
• Use a mounting medium and coverslips.

Microscopic Examination

• Examine prepared slides under a microscope to analyze tissue structures, detect abnormalities, and make diagnoses. This concise breakdown effectively captures the histological process.

A clear overview of the tissue histopathology process. Here's how we can structure it into a course module:

Handling of Equipment, Aseptic Techniques, Aliquoting of Media:

• Properly handle laboratory equipment to prevent contamination and ensure accurate results.
• Maintain aseptic techniques to minimize the risk of contamination during procedures.
• Follow precise procedures for aliquoting media to ensure consistency in experiments.

Maintenance of Laboratory Equipment:

• Implement regular maintenance schedules to ensure proper functioning of laboratory equipment.
• Conduct routine checks and calibrations to uphold accuracy and precision.

Standard Procedures for Sample Accession and Examination:

• Develop standardized protocols for sample accession, labeling, and tracking to ensure traceability and data integrity.
• Adhere to established procedures for sample examination, including visual inspection, microscopic analysis, and biochemical testing.

Planned Chemical Changes and Quality Assurance:

• Monitor chemical changes during experiments and manufacturing processes to ensure product quality and safety.
• Implement quality assurance measures, including quality control checks and validation studies, to maintain consistent results.

Laboratory Quality Management System:

• Establish a laboratory quality management system to ensure adherence to regulatory requirements and industry standards.
• Conduct regular audits and reviews to identify areas for improvement and implement corrective actions as needed.

Physical Risks of Chemicals and Safety Measures:

• Identify physical hazards associated with chemicals, such as flammability and reactivity, and implement appropriate safety measures.
• Provide training on safe handling, storage, and disposal of hazardous chemicals to minimize the risk of accidents and injuries.

Safety Aspects in the Histopathology Laboratory:

• Follow safety protocols when handling histopathological specimens and reagents to prevent exposure to hazardous substances.
• Implement measures to protect against physical risks, such as fire, explosion, and chemical spills, in the histopathology laboratory.

Bacterial Histopathology:

• Principles of Sample Collection and Processing, including fixation and preservation techniques.
• Staining Techniques for visualizing bacterial pathogens in host tissues, such as H&E staining, Gram staining, and special stains.
• Tissue Processing and Sectioning procedures for preparing histological samples.
• Microscopic Examination of stained tissue sections to analyze bacterial infections and host responses.

Module Title: Tissue Histopathology

Module Overview: This module provides a comprehensive understanding of tissue fixation, processing, embedding, sectioning, staining, mounting, and microscopic examination techniques used in histopathology.

Module Content:

1. Tissue Fixation:

   • Introduction to tissue fixation methods.
   • Importance of immediate fixation after tissue collection.
   • Overview of common fixatives, with a focus on formalin.
   • Duration of tissue fixation and its significance in preserving tissue structure.

2. Tissue Processing:

   • Dehydration process to remove water from fixed tissues.
   • The clearing process uses agents like xylene to remove alcohol and render tissues transparent.
   • Role of tissue processing in preparing tissues for embedding.

3. Tissue Embedding:

   • Infiltration of dehydrated and cleared tissues with liquid paraffin.
   • Embedding tissues in paraffin blocks to facilitate sectioning.
   • Solidification of paraffin blocks to preserve tissue integrity.

4. Sectioning:

   • Introduction to microtome and its role in cutting thin tissue sections.
   • Thickness of tissue sections (typically 4-5 micrometers).
   • Floating sections on warm water bath and mounting on glass slides.

5. Staining:

   • Staining protocols to enhance visualization of tissue components.
   • Common stains like Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) for general tissue morphology.
   • Special stains like Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) or Masson's trichrome for specific tissue components.

6. Dehydration and Clearing (Post-Staining):

   • Reverse dehydration and clearing processes for stained sections.
   • Importance of post-staining dehydration and clearing in preserving stained sections.

7. Mounting:

   • Permanent mounting of stained and dehydrated sections on glass slides.
   • Use of mounting medium and coverslips to secure sections.

8. Microscopic Examination:

   • Microscopic analysis of prepared slides to observe tissue structures.
   • Identification of abnormalities and lesions.
   • Role of microscopic examination in making histopathological diagnoses.

Module Conclusion: Participants completing this module will comprehensively understand the tissue histopathology process, from fixation to microscopic examination, and its significance in diagnostic pathology and research.

Q. What is the qualification required to enroll in the program?

Ans. Any Life sciences Candidates join the program (BSc, MSc, M.Tech, MBBS, Nursing, and Pharmacy)

Q. Can I enroll in both internship and dissertation training in your institute?

Ans. Yes, you will. During joining the enrolment form. We will provide two certificates.

Q. Do you provide internships to B.sc /M.sc Biotechnology/Microbiology graduates?

Ans- Yes we are providing to all. Kindly visit our website at https://hereditybio.in/training or connect with us at 7381298980.

Q. Can a biotechnology undergraduate do an internship here? If yes what is the process of applying?

Ans-Yes, Kindly connect our team on-7381298980 or visit our website at https://hereditybio.in/.

Q. Does Heredity Bioscience provide placement to the students..?

Ans- We provide 100% placement assistance. The company has exclusive and non-exclusive tie-ups with various companies. All the programs we are offering, either short-term or long-duration projects are industry-oriented and are designed as per requirements of Industries. Please visit https://hereditybio.in/placement

Q. How we can apply for Dissertation/Project work at Heredity Bioscience.?

Ans. Please share your CV with hereditybioacademy@gmail.com or Whatsapp to our Heredity Bioscience team at -7381298980.

Q: What are the main training programs for B.sc /M.sc Life Sciences Students?

Ans. Food Microbiology, Clinical Microbiology, Nanotechnology, Bioinformatics, and many more.

Q: Is there any accommodation provided by the company during the Internships?

Ans- The hostels are near the Academy, our executive will provide you with the details.

Q: How can I pay for my enrolment?

Ans: When we will receive mail confirmation candidates' side? We will generate an offer letter and share it with your registered mail ID.

Q. Do you provide any certificate after completion of the training program?

Ans.  Yes, we will provide for certificate after completion of the program.

Q. How many centers do you have?

Ans. We have only one centre at Plot No:818, Mayfair Lagoon, Jayadev Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. For more details connect us at our website https://hereditybio.in/.